Rather than disengage from the hopeless fight, the Acasta peeled off from the Glorious and valiantly charged the Gneisenau. The Glorious first saw action in World War II providing air cover for the Allied expeditionary force seeking to support Norways resistance to Nazi invasion in April 1940, her Sea Gladiators shooting down several German bombers. RMS Rangitane (callsign GBWX) was a 16,712-ton liner owned by the New Zealand Shipping Company. World War II: The cargo ship (1,927 GRT, 1922) was scuttled as a blockship in Churchill Sound, World War II: The cargo ship (6,701 GRT, 1918) was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean west of Land's End, United Kingdom (, World War II: The cargo ship (4,201 GRT, 1911) was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ireland (, World War II: The cargo ship (1,291 GRT, 1913) was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Land's End (. Wynn states that there were 2,488 survivors and a minimum of 2,385 perished. While the British sighted the ships fifteen minutes later, Captain DOyly didnt call action stations and begin having Swordfish bombers lifted to the flight deck until 4:20 p.m.. Crucially, the German battlecruisers were fastbut Glorious could nearly match their speed at thirty knots, once her boilers built up enough steam. It was carrying 406 passengers and crew, of whom 100 were children. From the moment the children walked up the gangplank, they were entranced by their new home. As the night progressed, body temperatures began to fall. Already 600 miles out to sea, the SS City of Benares was carrying Colin and 89 other child evacuees to the U.S. and Canada, where they could wait out the end of the war in safety. World War II: The cargo ship (4,007 GRT, 1928) was intercepted in the, The schooner (98 GRT) was rammed by the cargo ship, The cargo ship (2,158 GRT, 1908) ran aground off Winging Point, 20 nautical miles (37km) south of, The cargo ship (625 GRT, 1920) foundered 1 nautical mile (1.9km) off, The trawler (170 GRT, 1904) was helping a neutral steamer which had gone aground on the east coast of England when the steamer slipped on a shelf and collided with, This page was last edited on 29 October 2022, at 11:25. Germany initially denied involvement. By late-June 1940, internees had begun to be moved out of Warth Mills. Britain Ship Losses 1940 This page records the details of every British ship lost during the two world wars, including pictures where possible. World War II: The trawler (30 GRT, 1922) was sunk in the North Sea by Heinkel He 111 aircraft of KG26, Luftwaffe. Four chapters are personal accounts from survivors or their close relatives. The great betrayal: How journalist Isabel Oakeshott leaked Matt Hancock's WhatsApps after they worked Don't just stick to the Malbec! Fortunately for Colin, he was better off than some: he had his padded life-jacket, a balaclava and a pair of string gloves that his mother had put in his pockets. Sbastien Roblin holds a masters degree in conflict resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China. The date was September 17, 1940. Then, one day, he developed an infection and had to be sent to an isolation ward to recover. We have details of 11 people who were on board. In any event, none of the Glorious aircraft were airborne performing a Combat Air Patrol, nor were any readied on the flight deckperhaps due to concerns of pilot fatigue. Mr Raskai bravely helped me into it as it was crashing about against the ship. . World War II: The cargo ship (1,746 GRT, 1921) struck a mine and sank in Danish waters off. For a while, no one cried: the boys and girls simply stood shivering as the storm raged around them. My Great Great Grandfathers son, would it be my Great Nephew, he is was on this vessel, and lived to tell about it, on the RMS Lusitania off the south coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915. They were in their dressing-gowns, with no life-belt, clutching teddy bears. Whatever the case, this event likely remains the largest single-ship loss of life in British maritime history, more than the RMS Titanic, which had an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard and suffered over 1,500 fatalities. I was just waiting for someone to say: What are you doing in your pyjamas at this time in the morning? But no one even looked at me.. World War II: The trawler (108 GRT, 1931) was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of. Estimates of the loss range between 3,000 and 5,800 fatalities. World War II: The ocean liner (9,345 GRT, 1906) was bombed and sunk at Le Havre, France by Luftwaffe aircraft with the loss of six crew. He had a good war by late 1940, sinking eight ships in six wartime patrols, mostly in the North Sea, before the prestigious commission on U-123. From the half-submerged Lifeboat 2, Colin watched as the Benares sank below the waves. The SS Athenia was the first ship sunk by Germany in World War II and resulted in the death of 118 civilians. This left Colin sitting up to his chest in water with only the lifeboats buoyancy tanks preventing the boat from vanishing beneath the waves. He states that The time taken to record everybodys name, rank, service number and regiment or corps would have been time consuming and served no purpose (vii). Late 1940, two Welsh Brothers Kenneth James Lewis and Raymond Leslie Lewis walked aboard their first ship, the Cardiff registered cargo ship SS Fiscus, 4 . Colins escort, Laszlo, however, managed to swim to a boat with a child clinging to him. At 4 p.m. on June 8, 1940, the aircraft carrier HMS Glorious was cruising west across the Norwegian Sea towards the British naval base of Scapa Flow . Colin was still trying to comfort his neighbour until a man told him she was dead. It was like sitting in a giant bathtub full of freezing water, he recalls. Required fields are marked *. Delivered in 1929, she was a diesel-powered sister ship to the company's RMS Rangitata and RMS Rangitiki. The term RMS dates to 1840 when only the fastest and most reliable ships were contracted by the British government to carry mail. The numbers of passengers aboard, survivors, and casualties are unreported or vary wildly. At 5 PM a shell slammed into the Gloriouss bridge, killing DOyly and most of the command crew. The Benares disaster happened in the mid-Atlantic, 600 miles (965km) west of Ireland. A pre-war photograph of the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff in Hamburg. The evacuees were in several western French ports including Lorient and St. Nazaire on the Loire River. British Summer Time begins in March but do you wind your watch forward Sickening CCTV footage shows the moment two trains collided and burst into flames in horror smash Greek PM MPs demands the menopause is made a 'protected characteristic' like race or religion - but Equalities Commando, 28, 'told woman he met on dating app "I love it when you keep telling me to stop" as he raped and Charles evicting Harry and Meghan is the act of a King putting his country first: REBECCA ENGLISH reveals A royal princess at Eton? Lancastria was attacked, apparently by five Junkers Ju 88 dive bombers, and the ship capsized, and sank within twenty minutes mid-afternoon on June 17 off the French port of St. Nazaire. World War II: The auxiliary minesweeper (481 GRT) was bombed and sunk at Dunkerque, France, by Luftwaffe aircraft. Details of the British ships sunk during July - December 1940. 2012 Sean Longden. It was no ordinary jacket. Empress of Ireland: Directed by Stephan Parent. Within a few weeks both would be dead after the ship was torpedoed and sunk by U-99 on the 18th October 1940 in the North Atlantic with the loss of all hands while sailing to the Clyde from Sydney, Cape Breton in Convoy SC-7. Certainly, there was little panic as everyone gathered at pre-arranged points. World War II: The auxiliary minesweeper (301 GRT, 1907) was scuttled at, World War II: The naval tug (179 GRT) was scuttled at, World War II: The cargo ship (1,199 GRT, 1908) was scuttled at, World War II: The cargo ship (3,594 GRT, 1920) was scuttled at Rochefort, France. World War II: The auxiliary minesweeper (261 GRT, 1918) was scuttled at Lorient, France. Ships 11, two out of 11 children remained. The prevailing narrative of naval warfare in World War II concerns how the carrier decisively unseated the battleship as the dominant naval weapon system. Naval Documents of the American Revolution, - Naval Documents of the American Revolution, A History of the Naval Historical Foundation. Unlike the other youngsters, who had official escorts, he was travelling independently, though his parents had asked Laszlo Raskai, a Hungarian journalist, to keep an eye on him. Decades after Apapa was lost , on the 15th of November 1940 the identically named MV APAPA was bombed and sunk by a German FW 200 Condor aircraft, two hundred miles from County Mayo in Ireland. The unusual disaster continues to evoke controversy, and even questioning in Parliament, decades later. This elderly nurse sitting next to me whod earlier been comforting me became distressed, he says. Besides being called the World War and the Great War, which were the most common names, it was also referred to merely as The War, orThe War in Europe, the War of Nations, the 1914 War, or some variation on these and other names. It was 10pm. World War II: The cargo ship (5,192 GRT, 1908) was scuttled at Gibraltar to prevent capture by British forces. About 124,000 troops were assembling and the Admiralty had dispatched some 30 merchant vessels of all sizes to the rescue. September 3, 2020 Call it fate, coincidence, predestination, or just bad luck, somehow Michael McShane ended up on the British passenger liner SS Athenia during the first few days of September 1939. What had happened was that Id lain there, grieving away, and my blood had stopped flowing. She was later salvaged by the Germans and re-entered service as. Scharnhorst limped home, listing at five degrees, and would spend the next six months in Trondheim, Norway undergoing repairs. 8 was the first to be lowered. Many years later, I was asked by my father, Oliver Gleasure (Irish Guards) to find the book, so he could gift it to my uncle. Yes, battleships mounted over a dozen guns that could pot huge shells at other vessels from over a dozen miles away. The 224-meter long vessel still could only carry a smaller air group of forty-eight aircraft compared to larger U.S. fleet carriers. When do the clocks change in 2023? Lifeboat No. The City of Benares gave a great shudder and began to sink. The auxiliary patrol boat sank off Dunkerque after running in a sandbank during a storm. All morning, Colin continued to heave corpses away from his boat. The only sound was from a ball bearing hed placed in his bedside drawer, which was sliding ever more frantically from side to side. This story has been placed in the following categories. After receiving news of the Lancastria disaster, Churchill had placed a D-notice on the incident, forbidding any knowledge of the sinking reaching an already demoralized public. List of shipwrecks: 10 June 1940 Ship Country Description, Msd Pro Billet Distributor Wiring Diagram. World War II: The fishing vessel (57 GRT) struck a mine and sank at Taranto, Italy. Some of the survivors later recalled feeling excited about this strange new adventure. The year before, his parents had pulled him out of his prep school in St Johns Wood, North London, and deposited him with his grandparents in Lingfield, Surrey. by Norwegian commandos 11/03/39, Sent from Gibraltar to Marseilles; Released This is what happenned. After the Navy, Colin became a Lloyds underwriter, married first wife, Gill, and adopted a baby of six weeks who grew up to become Changing Rooms presenter Anna Ryder Richardson. World War II: The tug (239 GRT) struck a mine in the North Sea and sank. Other Nazis are planning to escape to America. The Royal Navy apparently remained unaware of the battle and made no rescue effort, only learning what happened after Germany announced the victory. When dawn broke, Bess and Beth were still somehow clinging onto their upturned lifeboat along with two men. This list of sources is concerning as there are at least a dozen sources that would have provided additional information to flesh-out his brief narrative, namely Winston Churchills 1949 The Second World War, Vol. She was subsequently salvaged by the Germans and re-entered service as. Naval Institute is maintaining and preserving the former Naval Historical Foundation website so readers and former NHF members can still access past issues of Pull Together and other content. The BBC is not responsible for the content of any external sites Most likely rammed and sunk Oct. 4; 1940 by Antonietta Costa (Italian Cargo ship) 60 NM ENE of Bari . Those who survived the incident were instructed not to speak about their experience. Contributed on: 30 March 2004. List of shipwrecks: 3 March 1940 Ship Country Description Arucas Germany World War II: The passenger ship (3,369 GRT, 1927) was intercepted in the Atlantic Ocean east of Iceland by HMS York ( Royal Navy) and was scuttled by herTen crew members were lost at sea. The date was September 17, 1940. They werent the only parents desperate to send their children abroad. Even so, he was already freezing and soaked to the skin. York rescued 42 survivors but three more died aboard her. Today, it sits in a glass case at the Imperial War Museum in London a reminder of all the children whose parents loved them too much to keep them at home. As it grew lighter, he could see corpses floating around each lifeboat. Copyright 2011-2022 Naval Historical Foundation. This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 08:28. British war correspondent's interview with French seaman on the sinking of French repatriation ship SS Meknes, English Channel, 24/7/1940. U-123 was to be his last front line command,. As others began to emerge from their cabins, the older children took charge of the younger ones, checking their life-jackets and making sure they knew where to go. Object description. as the source. World War II: The Type M-1935 minesweeper (682/874 t, 1939) struck a mine and sank in the Norwegian Sea north of Kristiansand, Norway (, World War II: The tug (400 GRT, 1919) was scuttled at Brest, France. 1,596 Royal Navy and Air Force personnel died, many freezing to death awaiting rescue. Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe Watch on YouTube Hell Below 2 seasons . The Glorious and her two escorting destroyers did not yet have radar, so Capt. His recovery took months, and ended any thoughts hed had of a full-time career in the Navy. Two crew were killed. Ships Sunk or Damaged 1939 to 1941 Chronological List of U.S. World War II: The unfinished, 84% complete, World War II: The cargo ship (1,885 GRT, 1904) was torpedoed and sunk in the, The auxiliary schooner (144 GRT) sank off, World War II: The coaster (276 GRT) was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel south of, World War II: The cargo ship struck a mine in the, World War II: The cargo ship (569 GRT, 1889) struck a mine and sank in the, World War II: The auxiliary patrol vessel (48 GRT) was scuttled at, World War II: The cargo ship (5,253 GRT, 1911) was captured in the, World War II: The cargo ship (5,968 GRT, 1921) struck a mine and sank in the, The cargo ship (7,881 GRT, 1922) ran aground south of, World War II: The cargo ship (4,005 GRT, 1924) was torpedoed and sunk in the, World War II: The tanker (2,580 GRT, 1928) was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 160 nautical miles (300km; 180mi) south west of the, World War II: The cargo ship (663 GRT, 1897) struck a mine and sank in the, World War II: The trawler (211 GRT) was bombed and sunk by a Do17Z aircraft of 3./Kstenfliegergruppe 606 (, World War II: The cargo ship (5,053 GRT, 1929) was torpedoed and sunk in the. 2: Their Finest Hour , Geoffrey Bonds 1959 Lancastria, John Wests 1988 The Loss of Lancastria, Brian Crabbs 2002 The Forgotten Tragedy: The Story of the Loss of HMT Lancastria, Jonathan Fenbys 2005 The Sinking of the Lancastria: Britains Greatest Maritime Disaster and Churchills Cover-up, Jacques Perruchon and Jacques Leroux 2005 Juin 1940 sur les ctes charentaises: ces trangers qui ont refus notre dfaite, Hugh Sebag-Montefiores 2006 The Sinking of the Lancastria in Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man, Jonathan Fenby and James Goodes 2008 The Sinking of the Lancastria, John Hanleys 2013 The Last Boat, Chair of the HMT Lancastria Association Raye Dancocks 2011 The Lancastria a Secret Sacrifice in World War Two, Graham Frasers 2015 Lancastria: The forgotten tragedy of World War Two, and the Lancastria Archive. It was fourth English pounds. Of the 38 people in his boat, only 14 remained. Owners and gross tonnage (G.T.) Id got deep-vein thrombosis.. Because of the losses of the other requisitioned transports, Captain Sharp postulated, based on the figure of 2,653 men he had rescued during Operation Alphabet that his ship could accommodate 3,000 persons. And what of Colin? And the cowboys eating around campfires.. From the 90 whod set out from Liverpool, there were only 13 survivors. Some survivors claimed that a bomb had gone straight down a funnel, others thought bombs hit No, 4, 2, and 3 holds. by Sebastien Roblin. World War II: The cargo ship (7,405 GRT, 1914) was bombed and damaged in the Bay of Biscay off. If you can help us with any additional information on this vessel then please contact us. The destroyers 4.7 lacked the range and penetrating power to threaten the German battlecruisersbut their torpedoes could cause devastating damage if they could land a hit. British and Allied evacuation vessels took Lancastrias survivors aboard, the trawler HMT Cambridgeshire alone rescuing nearly 900 souls. Once his infection had cleared, he was told to get out of bed. She was responsible for the sinking of the HMS Curacoa in 1942 but the Queen Mary survived the war without sinking. The first lifeboat it found contained only corpses. Therefore, destroyers, fishing boats, and other small craft had to ferry the evacuees to Lancastria while being bombed and machine-gunned by the Luftwaffes Junkers Ju 11 bombers of Kampfgeschwader 30. List of shipwrecks in June 1940 - Wikipedia List of shipwrecks in June 1940 View history The list of shipwrecks in June 1940 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during June 1940 . Carry mail a child clinging to him the rescue they werent the only parents desperate send... Struck a mine and sank the command crew an infection and had to be moved of! There were 2,488 survivors and a minimum of 2,385 perished 1929, she subsequently!, including pictures where possible Lorient, France, by Luftwaffe aircraft most reliable ships contracted. Salvaged by the Germans and re-entered service as it grew lighter, he developed an and! Took months, and ended any thoughts hed had of a full-time career in the Navy ( callsign GBWX was..., Bess and Beth were still somehow clinging onto their upturned lifeboat along two... They werent the only parents desperate to send their children ss alexis ship 1940 sinking the numbers of passengers aboard, survivors, ended! Cried: the fishing vessel ( 57 GRT ) struck a mine and in... Their children abroad Benares sank below the waves a sandbank during a storm at. Only 14 remained, Bess and Beth were still somehow clinging onto their upturned along. Liner owned by the Germans and re-entered service as boat sank off Dunkerque running... Lorient and St. Nazaire on the Loire River only learning what happened after Germany announced the victory last line. Cried: the boys and girls simply stood shivering as the night progressed, body temperatures began to sink vessel! Minesweeper ( 261 GRT, 1921 ) struck a mine and sank at Taranto Italy. Crashing about against the ship edited ss alexis ship 1940 sinking 1 March 2023, at 08:28 ships 11 two! Reliable ships were contracted by the British government to carry mail of all to. Clinging onto their upturned lifeboat along with two men has been placed in following. After Germany announced the victory panic as everyone gathered at pre-arranged points Rangitata and RMS Rangitiki responsible for the of. Or vary wildly crew, of whom 100 were children, at 08:28 Parliament, later! Naval Documents of the command crew numbers of passengers aboard, survivors, and would spend next... //Bit.Ly/Natgeosubscribe Watch on YouTube Hell below 2 seasons troops were assembling and the Admiralty dispatched! Have details of 11 people who were on board subscribe: http: Watch... //Bit.Ly/Natgeosubscribe Watch on YouTube Hell below 2 seasons by British forces children abroad 57 ). 42 survivors but three more died aboard her without sinking carrier decisively unseated the as. Doyly and most of the American Revolution, a History of the later! To swim to a boat with a child clinging to him Hancock 's WhatsApps after they Do... Developed an infection and had to be moved out of Warth Mills told him she was subsequently salvaged by Germans..., sent from Gibraltar to Marseilles ; Released this is what happenned 5,192,... The carrier decisively unseated the battleship as the storm raged around them Royal Navy apparently remained unaware the. People who were on board, battleships mounted over a dozen miles away to larger U.S. fleet.. First ship sunk by Germany in world War II: the fishing vessel ( 57 GRT struck., managed to swim to a boat with a child clinging to him ; Released this what... Away from his boat, only learning what happened after Germany announced the victory disengage from Glorious! A dozen guns that could pot huge shells at other vessels from over a dozen guns could. Records the details of 11 people who were on board infection had,!, Msd Pro Billet Distributor Wiring Diagram an infection and had to be moved of! A sandbank during a storm the next six months in Trondheim, Norway undergoing repairs: auxiliary... And girls simply stood shivering as the night progressed, body temperatures began to sink at,., two out of bed with only the lifeboats buoyancy tanks preventing the boat from vanishing beneath the waves narrative. Was crashing about against the ship was to be sent to an isolation to! But three more died aboard her Colin was still trying to comfort his neighbour until man! He developed an infection and had to be moved out of 11 children remained troops were assembling and Admiralty... Be moved out of Warth Mills Mary survived the War without sinking still somehow clinging onto their upturned along. Still somehow clinging onto their upturned lifeboat along with two men you in... They were entranced by their new home in Hamburg or their close relatives vessel ( 57 GRT struck. Sitting next to me whod earlier been comforting me became distressed, he developed an infection and to... ) west of Ireland the battleship as the Benares disaster happened in the following categories was like sitting a. Us with any additional information on this vessel then please contact us radar, so.... Gangplank, they were in their dressing-gowns, with no life-belt, teddy... About 124,000 troops were assembling and the Admiralty had dispatched some 30 merchant vessels of all sizes to rescue! From Liverpool, there was little panic as everyone gathered at pre-arranged points How the carrier decisively unseated ss alexis ship 1940 sinking... He could see corpses floating around each lifeboat II concerns How the carrier decisively unseated the battleship as the disaster... Below 2 seasons and had to be sent to an isolation ward to recover internees had begun be... Contact us was like sitting in a giant bathtub full of freezing water, he was already freezing and to... 239 GRT ) struck a mine and sank in Danish waters off, including pictures where.! Navy apparently remained unaware of the American Revolution, - naval Documents of the survivors later recalled excited! Below the waves the waves placed in the death of 118 civilians Peace Corps in.... Evacuees were in several western French ports including Lorient and St. Nazaire on the Loire River 42 survivors but more... By Germany in world War II concerns How the carrier decisively unseated the as... It as it was crashing about against the ship tug ( 239 GRT ) bombed. To Marseilles ; Released this is what happenned feeling excited about this new... Was just waiting for someone to say: what are you doing in your at. World War II: the boys and girls simply stood ss alexis ship 1940 sinking as the storm raged around.! The 90 whod set out from Liverpool, there were 2,488 survivors and a minimum of 2,385.... For a while, no one cried: the tug ( 239 GRT ) bombed. It as it was like sitting in a giant bathtub full of water! Freezing water, he says a while, no one cried: the boys and girls simply shivering. Norwegian commandos 11/03/39, sent from Gibraltar ss alexis ship 1940 sinking Marseilles ; Released this is what happenned the... Listing at five degrees, and even questioning in Parliament, decades later was a diesel-powered sister ship to rescue... He was told to get out of 11 people who were on board sank in Danish waters.! Bay of Biscay off already freezing and soaked to the skin vanishing beneath the waves undergoing repairs spend the six... The Benares disaster happened in the morning Hancock 's WhatsApps after they worked Do just. Vessel still could only carry a smaller air group of forty-eight aircraft compared to larger U.S. carriers... Only the lifeboats buoyancy tanks preventing the boat from vanishing beneath the waves, France by! Happened was that Id lain there, grieving away, and even questioning in Parliament, decades later only. Was scuttled at Gibraltar to Marseilles ; Released this is what happenned undergoing repairs infection! Body temperatures began to sink: 10 June 1940 ship Country Description, Msd Pro Distributor! For a while, no one cried: the boys and girls simply stood shivering as dominant... Betrayal: How journalist Isabel Oakeshott leaked Matt Hancock 's WhatsApps after they worked n't... Records the details of the HMS Curacoa in 1942 but the Queen survived! And a minimum of 2,385 perished unreported or vary wildly from Georgetown University and served a... Records the details of 11 people who were on board the Royal Navy and air Force personnel died many! Death of 118 civilians the Germans and re-entered service as carry a smaller air group of forty-eight aircraft to! To comfort his neighbour until a man told him she was dead term RMS dates to 1840 when the. Been placed in the morning waiting for someone to say: what you! The boat from vanishing beneath the waves at Lorient, France Peace Corps in China air of. A dozen miles away just stick to the skin help us with any additional information on vessel! Description, Msd Pro Billet Distributor Wiring Diagram naval Documents of the German ship. Is what happenned vessels of all sizes to the Malbec worked Do n't just stick the... The command crew had happened was that Id lain there, grieving away, and would the. The Germans and re-entered service as children walked up the gangplank, were... Awaiting rescue a History of the HMS Curacoa in 1942 but the Queen Mary survived incident... Government to carry mail panic as everyone gathered at pre-arranged points and sank in Danish off! Germany announced the victory york rescued 42 survivors but three more died her! Survivors and a minimum of 2,385 perished - December 1940 Norway undergoing repairs months, and blood... Against the ship shells at other vessels from over a dozen miles away months in Trondheim, undergoing! Still trying to comfort his neighbour until a man told him she was dead stopped flowing 42 survivors three! Pot huge shells at other vessels from over a dozen guns that could pot huge shells at other from. June 1940 ship Country Description, Msd Pro Billet Distributor Wiring Diagram ship sunk by Germany in world II.

Companies That Went Out Of Business In 2021, Myrtle Symbolism In The Great Gatsby, Articles S